The Lamentation over the Dead Christ

The Lamentation over the Dead Christ Classicism in â€Å"The Lamentation over the Dead Christ† The Renaissance Era was an epoch of artistic resurgence in the history of Europe. This period was marked by developments in Italian Renaissance paintings with the renewal of classical forms, motifs and subjects. In edict to discern the Classicism that prospered during this age, conceivably without need, from the Classical architecture of the ancient Romans. The exploration for cerebral legitimacy through art set apart the period. During this period, contemporary Classicism was described as the â€Å"proper technique†. Methodically, this set in motion a blitz against Baroque art, which, with its highlighting of embellishment and delusion, was considered to be distinctly fictitious. Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506), in particular, modeled his work entitled â€Å"The Lamentation over the Dead Christ† (c.1480) in rudiments of Classicism. Mantegna used mainly foreshortening, a perspective used for compressing objects from a definitive viewpoint and chiaroscuro, the contrast between light and shadows bring this painting to life with essentials of Classicism. In this period, Classicism took on more visibly structural insinuations of the use of perspective, chiefly by the use of Foreshortening. Foreshortening occurs when an object appears compressed when seen from a particular viewpoint, and the effect of perspective causes distortion. Foreshortening is a predominantly constructive creative mechanism, used to give the sense of three-dimensional capacity and generate emotion in a picture. To sensationalize the supine Christ in perception, Mantegna paints his light source higher up the horizon line, to create illusion that the viewer will appear to be looking at an angle. The more askew the vanishing point, the more slanted the icon will be, as seen in the painting. Because the body of Christ is supine and symmetrical, the vanishing point is diametrically in the core of the perspective line. Because the spectators plane is parallel to Christs head at this point, the base perspective line appears to be horizontal. This imaginary line gives the fundamental, foreshortening perspective. The farther away the image is from the viewer, the nearer the illusion is to being perpendicular to the portrait plane, as seen in the Dead Christ. The position of the mourners (The Virgin Mary and St. John) are on the horizon line, to th e left the desertion point (Christs Head), as another foremost model to carry this position of foreshortening. The expanse from this point to the center of the perspective line denotes the distance within the painting for the viewer. If the point is isolated from the vanishing point, the mourners will appear condensed, and distant. If it is too close, they will emerge lengthened, as if it is too close to the observer. Essentially distorting the ray of light traveling from its origin to the onlookers judgment and ruining the illusion within the painting. This element is key to understanding Mantegnas brilliance of perspective in this fresco. In the case of the holes in Christs hands and feet; the perspective of the light source that illuminates (at an angle) the area of the holes also represents the use of foreshortening on the picture plane. When the light source hits the area of the holes, it hits at the appropriate angle on the picture plane. In order for the resulting image to ap pear identical to the intended scene, the eyewitness of the perspective must scrutinize the image from the exact vantage point used in the geometric calculations comparative to Christ. This proper use of foreshortening abandons visual imperfections that what would appear to be alterations in the painting when analyzed from a discrete point. These conspicuous distortions in foreshortening are more evident when viewing Christs thorax; as the perspective estimated from the surroundings, to the spectator becomes more finely tuned and comparative to the portrait base. In application, unless the viewer desires a radical perspective, like viewing the body of Christ from the base, the perspective on the whole, is in all probability accurate. It has been recommended that a painting in standpoint still seems to be in perspective at other spots because the individual still distinguishes it as a painting, because of the quality in its profundity of field indications due to the use of foreshortening. For a emblematic perspective, conversely, the field of view in the Dead Christ is tapered to the point, that the distortions are negligible and the fresco can be viewed from a site other than the tangible designed vantage point without seeming distorted, which in turn, buttress Mantegnas conclusion to paint the feet of Christ less significant than the customary individuals. While speaking at a summit on Greek mathematics and philosophy, Plato (429-347 B.C.E.) was quoted in repute to artwork, as stating, Thus (through perspective) every sort of confusion is revealed within us; and this is that weakness of the human mind on which the art of conjuring and of deceiving by light and shadow and other ingenious devices imposes, having an effect upon us like magic And the arts of measuring and numbering and weighing come to the rescue of the human understanding (Plato qtd. in Kahn) The applied use of the expression â€Å"chiaroscuro†, is the outcome of light representation in painting, in which three- dimensional capacity is advocated by the measure of color and the systematic partition of light and shadow contours on a two dimensional plane in a model of artwork. The creation of these belongings in the West, Skiagraphia or shadow-painting to the primeval Greeks, was attributed to the celebrated Athenian painter of the 5th century BC, Apollodoros. In the print of the Dead Christ, the light is approaching in from one encoded course exceeding Christs body, then light and silhouette will match to a set of natural conventions. An underscore of luminosity on Christs shroud symbolizes the summit where the brilliance is being revealed most unswervingly. This is most often attributed as a lightened white area, as seen in the shroud in Figure 1. As the viewers eye moves away from this emphasis, radiance strikes the article less candidly and consequently broadcast s a darker assessment of hues on the shroud. This changeover continues until the onlooker reaches the point where the darkness of the piercingly drawn material meets the lighted portion of the shroud. Here, there is a more abrupt conversion to darker values since no light is salient between Christs feet. Some oblique light is offered on the underside of Christs feet as the muted side does not turn unyieldingly dark. This is the product of reflected and refracted daylight that logically become apparent within the painting. As the viewer looks at the intense frame of the body of Christ, it is noticeable that it is patently lighter than the shadowed area of the mourners. Light in the environment is illuminating the background. The throw shadows are at odds, with separate values as well. Then, as light becomes more available, the same cast shadow lightens in increments until it reaches the shadows circumference. Craigie Aitchison (1923-2009), a Scottish painter and one of the better kno wn critically esteemed Royal Academians (Members Royal Academy of Arts have a exclusive position in being recognized as reputed artists and architects whose sole objective is to endorse the creation, pleasure and awarnessof the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate), recalls the Dead Christ as his favorite painting, stating, â€Å"I like it because it tells a Story Its a wonderful reddy colour and terrifically drawn If ever a painting was clear, its this one. Its fantastically clear about the story its telling theres no muddling about. It couldnt be any other way.† (Aitchison). Mantegna dominates and operates this modus operandi to generate a inventive sense of pathos in the mourners and character in the Dead Christ. The Mantegna painting, with light entering from above, illustrates a faint modeling of chiaroscuro to give quantity to the body of Christ, which in turn, confirms the strong stimulus of Greek inspired Classicism in this fresco. The contrasts betw een light and shadows bring this painting to life with essentials of Classicism. The Renaissance Era was an epoch of artistic resurgence in the history of Europe. This period was marked by developments in Italian Renaissance paintings with the renewal of classical forms, motifs and subjects. In edict to discern the Classicism that prospered during this age, conceivably without need, from the Classical architecture of the ancient Romans. The exploration for cerebral legitimacy through art set apart the period. During this period, contemporary Classicism was described as the â€Å"proper technique†. Methodically, this set in motion a blitz against Baroque art, which, with its highlighting of embellishment and delusion, was considered to be distinctly fictitious. Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506), in particular, modeled his work entitled â€Å"The Lamentation over the Dead Christ† (c.1480) in rudiments of Classicism. Mantegna used mainly foreshortening, a perspective used for compressing objects from a definitive viewpoint and chiaroscuro, the contrast between light and shadows bring this painting to life with essentials of Classicism. Mantegnas version of the Dead Christ, is regarded as an indispensable art piece exemplifying the use of Classicism. Thus, he deserves the acclaim for the merit of these essentials in his work of art.

Hypertension: Normal Blood Pressure

Hypertension is a chronic or persistent medical condition also known as high blood pressure. This condition causes the arteries to consistently elevate blood pressure. When high blood pressure is normal, the blood flows through smoothly because the artery wall is smooth. However, when an individual is diagnosed with high blood pressure, the blood flows through the arteries with too much force. Eventually, high blood pressure can cause serious damage to the arteries if it goes untreated. Also, high blood pressure causes the heart to have to work much harder than normal to keep up the flow of blood through the arteries.Hypertension can lead to damaged organs and several illnesses such as kidney failure and strokes. About 33% of people aren’t aware that they have high blood pressure. This ignorance can go on for years. For this reason, it is important to do periodic blood pressure screenings even if there are no symptoms present.The normal blood pressure for an individual is 120/ 80 where 120 represents the systolic measure (peak pressure in the arteries) and 80 represents the diastolic measure (minimum pressure in the arteries). Blood pressure of between 120/80 and 130/89 is called pre-hypertension. Blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered hypertension.There are two classifications for hypertension, which are essential or secondary. Essential is the term used for high blood pressure when its cause is unknown. Unknown causes for hypertension accounts for about 95% of cases. Alternatively, secondary hypertension is the term for high blood pressure with causes related to kidney disease, tumors or birth control pills. Although the exact causes of hypertension are unknown, there are several factors that are often associated with this condition such as:Smoking Obesity or being overweight Childhood obesity Diabetes Sedentary lifestyle Lack of physical High levels of salt intake Insufficient calcium, potassium or magnesium intake Vitamin D deficiency High le vels of alcohol consumption Aging Stress, Medications such as birth control pills Genetics (a family history of hypertension) Clinic Kidney Disease Adrenal or thyroid problems or tumors.Symptoms associated with severe hypertension are severe headaches, fatigue or confusion, dizziness, nausea, problems with vision, chest pain, breathing problems, irregular heartbeat, and blood in the urine. You can find out whether or not you have hypertension by visiting a health professional who measures blood pressure. Remember, if your blood pressure is over 140/90 you will be diagnosed with hypertension. However, you can treat hypertension medically or by making lifestyle adjustments such as weight-loss, quit smoking, eating a healthy diet, reducing sodium intake, exercising regularly, and eliminating alcohol consumption. Medical options for treating hypertension include several classes of drugs that your health professional would prescribe based upon your specific condition and needs.

Diabetes-Related Mortality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1547 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? A product of Chinas rapid economic development is the transition in public health issues from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases. Not only has urbanization changed Chinas economy, but it has also led to changes on the individual level. Personal lifestyle, diet, and social norms are a few of the main aspects that have led to diabetes taking priority over other non-communicable diseases that currently need serious attention (Yang, et al., 2012). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Diabetes-Related Mortality" essay for you Create order In fact, China is experiencing the worst epidemic in the world, with 10% of its population (over 110 million individuals) in 2016 being diagnosed with full-blown diabetes. The CDC reported that the rate in rural areas is increasing faster than in urban areas. This epidemic has placed enormous stress onto rural health care facilities through a high utilization of hospitals, as well as rising insurance costs (Wang F. , 2016). Living with diabetes is a huge financial burden, especially those covered by the rural health insurance plan, where 24% of household income will go to treatment (Liu, Vortherms, Hong, 2017). There is also a huge economic burden that is placed on the country itself, with medical expenses for diabetes being one of the main leaders of poverty. Therefore, this issue is important because not only does it directly affect public health in rural areas, but its consequences also reach other key systems of society. There seems to be a harmful reinforcement between poor health and low socioeconomic status in rural provinces that is crippling Chinas health care system (Le, Jun, Zhankun, Yichun, Jie, 2011). A nationwide study conducted by the Epidemiological studies unit of the University of Oxford in 2017 found that despite prevalence rates being higher in urban areas, mortality rates were actually higher in rural areas. Looking into cause-specific deaths related to diabetes, the authors found a drastic difference in the risk ratio for chronic kidney disease, which was 18.69 and 6.83 for rural and urban areas respectively (Monaco, 2017). Currently, the demographics show that adults over 35 years of age with low income make up the majority of individuals that are diagnosed (Wang, et al., 2017). However, the age bracket for acquiring diabetes has been continually decreasing. The American Diabetes Association reported that there has been an increasing rate in young individuals in rural areas. This is significant because they have a higher risk for chronic complications which lead to mortality (Hu Jia, 2017). This also speaks to a lack of proper health education and schooling in rural provinces. Currently, there is a large focus on treating the symptoms and outcomes of diabetes. The government spends the equivalent of $50 billion annually on diabetes alone. That is 13% of the total national health care expenditures. However, this has had minimal effect so far in rural areas. 84% of it goes to treating the disease through hospitalization, thus inpatient treatment (Wang F. , 2016). This is the main way rural individuals receive health care. Despite the large monetary investment into treatments, only 13% of the diagnosed population have their blood glucose under control. This is because the biggest issue is that 60% to 65% of the rural population are unaware of their disease (Wang, et al., 2017). Those with lower income, whose insurance translates into high medical bills, wait until they have their first heart attack to go to the hospital and get diagnosed. This delay has a huge impact on mortality rates (Wang F. , 2016). Moreover, it is clear that prevention and awareness are lacking from the current strategy that is in place by the key players who are working on this issue. The key players involved in the diabetes epidemic in rural areas are all in the direct circle of public health influence. They include provincial hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, big universities, key ministries and the Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission. In terms of key ministries, there are two that play a crucial role in drug accessibility for the low SES population. These are the National Health Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). The former is responsible for determining which drugs get included into an Essential Drug List that is covered by the rural insurance plan (Liu, Vortherms, Hong, 2017). The latter has direct control over prices of both drugs and medical services. Both coordinate with the Chinese Insurance Regulatory Commission, who are responsible for the lack of coverage and high treatment cost of diabetes in the rural insurance plan (Mossialos, Ge, Hu, Wang, 2016). The pharmaceutical industry along with top universities (Peking university and Shanghai Jiao Tong University) are important for the research and development of treatment (Mossialos, Ge, Hu, Wang, 2016). Overall, there is a clear mirroring of who the key players are to what is currently being done about the issue. Reiterating what has been previously established, the main focus is on treating the outcomes and not on prevention. Actors who should be involved are those in the public health sphere as well as outside of it who can effectively work on prevention and awareness. This includes village doctors, smaller town clinics, local teachers, and the Ministry of Agriculture. Village doctors are fundamental players because of their relationship with the rural community. As a result of practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine, they are the most trusted actors in health care and can directly provide healthcare services in a way that far-away hospitals are unable to do (Li, et al., 2015). Moreover, smaller town clinics need to be strengthened to replace hospitals as the primary gatekeeper (Mossialos, Ge, Hu, Wang, 2016). Increasing health education in a school environment is unfortunately not as feasible in rural areas compared to urban settings because 60% of students drop out before high school (Partner, 2018). However, because of the increasing mortality-rate among young rural individuals, elementary school teachers are nonetheless important in educating children on prevention, as well as providing useful teaching skills in other settings. Due to farming being the most common type of work in rural provinces, the Ministry of Agriculture will also be important for raising awareness as well as implementing new policies (Westmore, 2015). The intervention that I propose is an education initiative. This is arguably the most effective type of intervention because the fundamental problem lies in a lack of awareness and education in the rural community, which leads to later diagnosis and an earlier generational onset of diabetes that results in mortality. The education initiative is comprised of two steps: firstly, establish accessible health education classes as primary prevention, and secondly, promote open discussions through the utilization of Chinese Traditional Medicine culture for screenings on a secondary prevention level. This initiative will be funded by expenses already being invested by the government on this epidemic. Most rural families use agriculture as their primary source of income, acquiring a large plot of land and often using the help of their young children for labor (Westmore, 2015). Therefore, The Ministry of Agriculture should implement a new policy that as part of acquiring or renewing an agricultural land license, all households must take a free information class on diabetes. Moreover, it should be stated that all members who participate in agricultural activities must take it. This ensures that children who drop out of school to work will still receive the proper health education they need. The class will be a collaborative effort between key players, led by the local physicians and teachers. The information would focus on prevention, including proper nutrition and dieting, healthy lifestyle and behavioral activities. The goal is to stimulate awareness about the main causes of diabetes and how these can be addressed through proper self-management. The information can be put into action with simple, take-home tools for the participants, including weekly food charts to track eating habits, simple local recipes, and setting exercise goals. This first step can be seen as addressing the socioeconomic factors which contribute to high mortality, which according to Friedens health impact pyramid has the biggest impact (Frieden, 2010). Part of educating the rural population on diabetes surrounds changing the social stigma which hinders individuals to get diagnosed early on. This can be addressed through offering free screenings at local traditional medicine facilities operated by village doctors. This is important because the second step in this education initiative would be to promote open discussions through its integration into traditional Chinese medicine culture, which is highly prevalent in rural provinces (Li, et al., 2015). These traditional facilities are already highly utilized by the community for other purposes. Diabetes screening does not require high levels of training, thus it would be more effective to train traditional practitioners who are readily available instead of providing inpatient treatment in distant hospitals. Village doctors can talk about the condition during screenings through a lens of culture that is already widely accepted. The second step is arguably changing the context of rural life to make individuals default decisions healthy since they would have to expend significant energy not to benefit from the free screening (Frieden, 2010). Its purpose would thus be to balance the issue of distrust in modern medicine and techniques that the first step might experience. In conclusion, the two steps reflect the yin and yang of health education, balancing opposing cultures of public health to reach an effective solution. Building a holistic understanding of diabetes can improve the information that is currently available to rural populations. Increased knowledge will have a large impact on reducing diabetes-related mortality by preventing it from occurring at all.

Interview On The Room 1600 - 995 Words

I conducted the interview in the room 1600, which is located in the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill at School of Nursing. The interview was conducted on September 30, 2014 in the morning. Approximately, I started the interview at 09:20 a.m. and ended it at 09:34 a.m. Room 1600 is considered conference room. There was a conference table in the middle with about 9 chairs around it. There were three rectangular tables placed next to the wall. These tables looked for serving or something like that. On one of these three tables, there were two telephones. The room also included one bench. In addition, on the wall, there was a big white board with black, red, and blue markers. One watch and two frames were hanged on the wall. I noticed one poster putted on the wall. It said; what should do for the emergency warning. The room also has big two windows. Generally, the room was clean and smelled good. It also was quiet room. However, while I was listening to the interview, I heard noisy sounds. So, I strongly believe that those sounds came from outside the room and Michael and I did not hear it during the interview time. The interview was with Michael Schultz. He is 30 years old. He is a tall man. He is a registered nurse and first year PhD student in the School of Nursing. During the interview, he was setting comfortably on the chair. Michael was good in responding to the questions I asked. He answered these questions in a proper manner and with sufficient information.Show MoreRelatedSlavery : An Important Part For The Historical Development Of The United States1473 Words   |  6 Pagesan important part in the historical development of the United States. There was undying need for cheap labor, cutting trees, tending to the plantations and farms, picking crops, fishing, and other industries. 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