Fordism Spawning New Management Styles Essay - 2772 Words

Introduction. In this essay the focus is on Henry Ford and Fordism. The first paragraph of the essay is an introduction of Fredrick W Taylor, and how Fordism is derived from the ideas of Taylorism. It also looks at the main ideas behind Fordism and scientific management. Further in the essay the importance is to look at the different ideas of Fordism (the mass-production, the $5 day, the division of labour and management style), and on why it was important at is time and the effect following from those ideas. The essay has two different paragraphs discussing the positive and the negative effects of Fordism on management and organisations, and workers and society. In the end of the essay there is some paragraphs about the new forms of†¦show more content†¦(Fred Thompson 2007) But whit the mass production, it was also a small differentiation in the products, in Ford’s case the cars, and one example for that was Henry Ford once saying â€Å" you can have the car in what ever colour you like, as long as its black†. Fordism led the transformation from an agriculture to an economy growing because of mass production and mass consumption. (Fred Thompson 2007)The mass production and mass consumption led to an economic growth and widespread material advancement (Fred Thomsen 2007; Robert Boyer 2010) One of the main principle of Fordism was the $5 day, which was double the normal pay and working less hours for those who were qualified, so the workers would stay loyal and work efficient, but also so his own workers would be able to afford the car he was producing, and the demand for Ford cars would increase. But for the workers to be qualified they had to have a satisfactory life-stile, like absence from alcohol (RMIT University 2012) But the $5 day was criticised, from example the socialist daily news people, saying is was a scheme to make it difficult for the competitors, but in the general public the $5 days was perceived as a risky move, but also bold, democratic and magnanimous. (Ray Batchelor 199 4) It have also been said that Fordism and it higher wages led to productivity growth, economic growth but also an

Panama Canal’s Legacy in American History Free Essays

string(96) " French started the canal; they experienced financial problems with getting the canal finished\." Assuredly the Panama Canal, If you didn’t know already, was one of the most economic and socialized marvels of its time. It was, at first, attempted by the French in the late 1800s, but they were unable to carry out the canal because of financial problems. Not only that, but yellow fever and malaria flooded the campgrounds with the aid of mosquitoes, which made the workforce unbalanced (Avery). We will write a custom essay sample on Panama Canal’s Legacy in American History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then in 1904, the Americans were to take over under the leadership and guidance of President Theodore Roosevelt. Even then Americans had a difficult time with construction. Moreover, with the canal built, it’s more sufficient then sailing around the tip of South America. Even today, the canal is used several times a day to bring benefits to the U. S. The French Admittedly, the French owned the Panama Canal before the U. S. Therefore, they were entitled to its construction under the leadership of Ferdinand de Lesseps, who worked on the Suez Canal in earlier years (Avery). Either Nicaragua or Panama would be the location for this engineered creation. Nicaragua was intentionally the first location for the canal (Jones) until one of the French leaders, one day, received a letter in the mail. As usual, the letter had a postage stamp on it (Avery). From there, Panama was then chosen to become the passageway, for the stamp showed Nicaragua’s terrain with erupting volcanoes, in which they didn’t want that to destroy their plans (Avery). From there, Engineers were sent to survey the area (Avery). Since the area was owned to the Columbian court, they had to persuade them to grant permission to build the canal (Jones). Finally, they were given permission to precede with their construction plans (Avery). Ferdinand De Lesseps. The man in control, Ferdinand de Lesseps, was an older man who was completely vain from his earlier success in the Suez Canal (Avery). To him, the Panama Canal would be no different. Clearly, he believed that the Panama Canal would be done quicker than the Suez, but was mistaken for in Panama consisted of nothing but mountains and rocky soil (Avery). In Egypt, it was only sand. His idea of the canal was that it would become a sea leveled canal, like the Suez and be parallel to the Panama Railroad that was built by the Americans earlier in the 1800s (Avery). With Him, a man named General Stephen Turr, who was a close Hungarian companion of de Lesseps, decided to help him in the canal (Avery). With Turr, the canal would be two thirds of the way done from the Rio Grande to the city of Colon, but it would be a take time and many lives, for Panama was infested with monstrous diseases that could kill men within forty eight hours. Disease Yellow Fever and Malaria roamed the French and, of course, American construction sites. Stegomya faciata was the species of mosquito that carried these diseases from one person to the next (Easmon). Thousands of men died from these diseases that, at first, seemed like a case of influenza because your body would be using a vast amount of substance to rid the infection (Easmon). Pursuing this further, it would worsen to a more serious case of the disease. Yellow fever is intellectually known as virus that has been transmitted from primates to humans through mosquitoes (Easmon). When the mosquito bit into the primate, it would then become permanently infected with the disease and ends up developing in the mosquitoes salivary glands to be spread to other organisms, which in this case, humans (Easmon). When bitten, the virus would travel into the bloodstream to make its way into the liver, kidneys, or blood vessels to incubate through time period of three to sixteen days before symptoms would occur (Easmon). Symptoms included headache, diarrhea, vomiting and anorexia. Soon after the body would recover for a time period of twenty four hours before it became more serious (Easmon). During this time the body would experience anemia (yellowing of the skin), liver inflammation, and jaundice, in other words, yellowing of the eyes (Easmon). Hence the reason it was given that name yellow fever (Easmon). The kidneys would become infected as well and cause the person to bleed from the nose, mouth and stomach (Easmon). What was interesting, though, was that the West Indian Negroes, which worked on the canal, were somehow immune to yellow fever, but they severely suffered from malaria (Avery). Malaria, on the other hand, was far off more deadly then Yellow fever for it consisted of parasites (Malaria). An engineer once quoted â€Å"If we could control malaria, I would be less anxious about other diseases. If we cannot control malaria, our mortality is going to very heavy† (American Canal Construction). Consequently, these infections developed in mosquito salivary glands as well and reproduce in the liver (Malaria). Above all, this incubation period could last for months to a year at a time (Malaria). When the parasites leave the liver they reenter the bloodstream where they are able to infect red blood cells to reproduce once again until the cell bursts (Malaria). As a result, it caused anemia and jaundice from the lack of blood cells (Malaria). Other symptoms include seizures, confusion, coma and death (Malaria). Thus, the French were not able to keep up with the rapid growth of infected patients. They had only a few nurses in the infirmary that where nuns and it didn’t benefit them at all since they were untrained, which lost even more lives (Avery). For example, the nurses would leave in the evening without giving any other care to the patients, which could have prevented the deaths of several lives if was brought up (Avery). Victims of disease were actually contained in screened cases with buckets of water to prevent insects from crawling up the beds (Avery). This created a breeding ground for mosquitoes (Avery). Later on, when the Americans took over they prevented this by oiling cesspools and canisters, fumigating Panama City, and ridding stagnant waters (American Canal Construction). Financial Problems Eight years after the French started the canal; they experienced financial problems with getting the canal finished. You read "Panama Canal’s Legacy in American History" in category "Papers" Ferdinand De Lesseps proceeded to travel back to France to attempt to find loans (Jones). He soon found out that France could not afford the vast amount he was asking for, which was around three million francs. The country could only pay eight percent of that amount (Jones). Engineers gathered together to calculate and survey the canal to discuss the completion of it and decided that it could not be done (Avery). Finally, in 1889, the French abandoned the Canal project pay back loans (Avery). In the final analysis, they were only able to finish two fifths of the canal (Avery). Most of the money that they used went to camp rent and maintenance, supplies, property and medical necessities, but non advised buying and those who stole money for possession greatly affected the outcome(Avery). One anonymous member of the French once quoted that â€Å"one part expended on the canal work, one third wasted, and one third stolen†. They left the canal up to America to finish the job and in 1894 the Americans had taken full control over the canal with Theodore Roosevelt’s leadership and power (Avery) President Theodore’s Impact President Roosevelt was first elected into office in 1901 (This Great Enterprise). For him, the canal could be easily used for military and economic power(This Great Enterprise). To peruse this even farther, he started negotiating Columbia for the possession for the canal. He offered forty million dollars to gain their permission to finish the canal, but Columbia refused (Buschini). Roosevelt became enraged with their decision, but Roosevelt knew that Panama was preparing to revolt against Columbia and decided to join them (Buschini). He then quoted â€Å"I was prepared to at once to occupy the Isthmus anyhow and proceed to dig the canal, but I deemed it likely that there would be a revolution in Panama soon† (Buschini). He then sent marines and gunboats to gain control over the canal and successfully forced Columbia to accept his request and grant Panama’s Independence (This Great Enterprise). In conclusion, the Panamanians and Roosevelt negotiated the Hay Bureau Varilly Treaty (Jones) that would trade U. S. military power for the independence of Panama and entitle the U. S. construction for the Panama Canal (This Great Enterprise). Many Americans didn’t approve of Roosevelt’s act against Columbia for the reason that they believed it was deemed unconstitutional, but Theodore Roosevelt Resumed his work and announced that â€Å"I took the Isthmus, started the canal, and then left congress—not to debate the canal, but to debate me†¦ While the debate goes on, the canal does to; and they are welcome to debate me as long as they wish, provided that we can go on with the canal†(Buschini). As Americans Built the Canal, they found several warehouses containing Machinery and supplies (Avery). Several Machines were found under water as well and allowed Americans to use them for spare parts (Avery). Also locomotives, cranes and other machinery were used to get the Panama Canal under way (Avery). Steam shovels were used instead of ladder dredges and Dump cars were loaded with soil to be shipped out of the area on the Panama Railroad (Avery). The Plan for America was to make the sea level canal into a lock canal with the depth of twenty nine and a half feet and ninety eight feet wide(Avery). Finally in 1914, the Panama Canal was able to open under the presidency of Woodrow Wilson (This Great Enterprise). To make sure there was no tension between the Columbian court and America, he negotiated a treaty paying Columbia twenty five million dollars to dissolve any potential conflicts (This Great Enterprise). Later on in 1978, President Jimmy Carter created a treaty to be ratified by the Senate that the Panama Canal would be given back to the people of panama to own and manage by the year 2000(This great Enterprise). The Canal’s Effect on the U. S. Indeed, the Panama Canal’s legacy brought several economic and social benefits for the U. S. In the U. S. it would create several more jobs to aid the canal’s shipment process and contain inflation for the hassle of transporting goods and by traveling around South America (Panama Canal). Since prices would decrease on imported goods, the American people would gain more money to spend on other necessities. In return, this would boost America’s economy through spending. The only consequences that resulted from this achievement was that it cost America three hundred and fifty two million dollars to complete the canal in addition to several acres of tropical forests were destroyed, people were driven from their homes and several lives were lost through disease and natural causes (Panama Canal). Socially, this canal would allow military alliances stronger between America and other countries and showed its importance through foreign intervention. To pursue these even farther, treaties were also created through the canal’s construction that brought America and other countries together as well (Panama Canal). Conclusion All in all, it has taken the Panama Canal about four decades to be completed. Through the French’s financial problems to America’s success in 1920, several hardships were created and overcome. America’s success would never have been accomplished if it wasn’t the determination of President Theodore Roosevelt and his revolt against Columbia. Even though the French were unsuccessful to complete the canal, they still have the right to know that they aided the Americans by leaving assets for repair, spare parts, and aving the U. S. thousands of dollars in medical centers, cabins, tools and supplies. Several lives were lost as well through Panama’s horrific diseases and other factors such as landslides, but it’s social and economic impact on America greatly affected its economy and alliances through military aid and trades. Through the twentieth century, the legacy of the panama was one of the most social and economic investments of its time and will always and forever be a part of America’s success. How to cite Panama Canal’s Legacy in American History, Papers

Use of Wireless in Daily Life-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Wireless technologies. Answer: Introduction In the present era of digitization, sometimes it becomes impossible to even imagine a life which is without any kind of wireless technologies. Everything used in the routine life of the people are related to technology and it goes from remote control to TV sets or Wi-Fi to Smartphone and other kind of wireless services as a part of routine lives and it is not just used for communication but also for education, shopping, entertainment and much more. (Mihajlovi? et al, 2015). Use of wireless in daily life The modern base for communication was initiated with the usage of telephone lines and with the initiation time, it was actually used just for sending the news to people at different parts of the world however they cant go then people has waited for the news which further comes by devices which are wireless. Radio has invented different base for ideas because sending news through wire had become completely futile even with the system that completely destroyed the usage of telegraph lines. In the present era, it has become an integral part of lives of people, they use telephone lines or other communication devices for communications and usage of telegraph has almost demolished through the usage of wireless fax or similar devices (Suzuki et al, 2013). Computer networking was primarily based on diverse and multiple wire connections however, in the present time; networking in modern computer is based on so many wireless connections. Therefore, the important question here is that wire conn ection showed wireless connection with the use of chair to interact with other despite communicating with anyone from any place in the world. It has been necessary to focus on wireless device which can be higher than then any fixed connection however, the actual cost is little extra than fixed connection cost. With this, there is a varying range of the connection in the wireless where the cost is also decreasing and it accessibility for more and more people is becoming easier and convenient (Mowad et al, 2014). Following is the detailed discussion: - Health care: It has mostly impacted the health care and this wireless setup helps in reaching in the remotest areas all across the world. It is specifically done by improving the level of distribution based on medical data and overall treatments. The devices used for wireless communication have further proved the advantages of the collection of data that have helped in limiting the overall spread of a disease like typhoid in remote areas of Uganda (Cai et al, 2016). Aids in case of Catastrophes: wireless communication helps in spreading the news of catastrophe in different part of the world. It helps in ensuring that people all across the world can view such events as and when they happen and further helps in getting aids for the survivors. Protection of the environment: wireless communication also works to save the environment and gain new abilities with the introduction of wireless communication. There are number of environment groups that are successfully executing the messages through campaign in order to spread the word associated with specific need or cause. Business communication: the wireless communication plays a crucial role in conducting business and making it easier to stay in touch with the consumers worldwide. There is more than thirty eight percent of labor market development in countries like US that helped in attributing to the usage of wireless communication (Madakam et al, 2015). News reporting: technology like Smartphone has transformed the news and the way it is covered as well as reported and a owner of a Smartphone can become a news reported and almost any kind of event occurs almost sure to record from so many angles. When news is broadcasted from Smartphone, the system is called as CGnet Swara provides residents in remotest areas of the country (Appelboom et al, 2014). Entertainment: -wireless communication has operated different kind of options for entertainment. Devices like Smartphone are properly equipped with application to download and read books along with newspaper with live streaming of the games, television, music and movies. Social change: the concept of wireless communication has further made it convenient for people to function at one place in order to support any kind of cause and increasing the overall potential by bringing the social change. Change in education: one school of thought says that mobile and wireless communication is a distraction for the students and this is why it is banned by the teachers in classrooms. The advanced level of capacities of Smartphone further causes the teacher to reconsider the potential as a tool for classroom (Chan, 2015). Types of wireless Following are the different kinds of wireless technologies: - Satellite: the communication with the help of satellite is one of the most common wireless technologies, which is widely spread all across the world permitting the user to stay in touch on virtual platform all across the world. The use of satellites is utilized through mode of communicate directly with the radio signals through orbiting satellites. Portable form satellite based phones have more strong broadcast capacities than any kind of cellular devices since they have high variety which is far more expensive in terms of costs (Park et al, 2015). Wireless networking: the concept networking through wireless is based on connection with multiple computers, devices and systems at one place without any need of wires or cables. WiMAX: there are multiple systems for wireless broadband that provides a fast surfing base for web without getting associated through any kind of DSL or cable. At the same time, this system has the power to deliver data for more than thirty megabits per second and also becoming providers that offer average to zero data rates of six mbps. The cost of the data present after using WiMAX changes widely with maintaining some distance from the actual transmitter. It is also important to understand that this system is one of the versions of four G wireless present in phones along with Sprints technology for 4G (Park et al, 2015). Wi-Fi: this system is actually a form of low level or power of wireless communication utilized by different number of electronic devices like laptop, Smartphone and many more. The setup provided by Wi-Fi along with a wireless router serves as the main hub of communication. These kind of network are also restricted to a range because of low power taken by transmissions which also permits the users to stay connected in close proximity with the router. The technology is commonly used in applications related with home networking which further provides portability without any requirement for cables. The network must be properly secured with right kind of passwords for safety motive to access by other (Gan Balakrishnan, 2016). Bluetooth technology: this technology permits the users to connect with a variety of diverse kinds of electronic devices used as wireless connection for the system in order to transfer as well as share data which is the main function of Bluetooth. Smartphone are related to earpieces associated with hands-free with wireless keyboard and with the assistance of Bluetooth since it helps in transmitting data from one device to other kind of device. ZigBee: this system is a wireless communication based standard is specifically designed to deal with distinct need to low level power, low cost sensor in wireless field. This concept can be utilized in almost part of the world as it is simple to execute and need little amount of power to function (Trull Ebner-Priemer, 2014). Conclusion Wireless technology has made life simple for the people at large. There are number of modern technologies is taken as one of the wonders. The present technology is not only transformed for the communication systems and also the life style of the people. A present research has showed that there more than eighty percent of total number of individuals of the world that can use to help the wireless technology and most them also utilize wireless based devices at least one time each day (Trull Ebner-Priemer, 2014). Lives of the people will be much easier with the assistance of wireless technology and people can work at any part of world since the usage of wireless devices. It is important to understand that wireless network is actually one of the growing technologies in market of telecommunication. Technologies discussed in report are some of the most crucial standard of wireless technology used for the coming generations. Reference Appelboom, G., LoPresti, M., Reginster, J. Y., Sander Connolly, E., Dumont, E. P. (2014). The quantified patient: a patient participatory culture. Cai, W., Huang, L., Wen, W. (2016). Low Power Class AB SI Power Amplifier For Wireless Medical Sensor Network.Bioscience Eng.: An Int. J,3(3). Chan, M. (2015). Multimodal connectedness and quality of life: Examining the influences of technology adoption and interpersonal communication on well?being across the life span.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,20(1), 3-18. Gan, C. L., Balakrishnan, V. (2016). An empirical study of factors affecting mobile wireless technology adoption for promoting interactive lectures in higher education.The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning,17(1). Madakam, S., Ramaswamy, R., Tripathi, S. (2015). Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review.Journal of Computer and Communications,3(05), 164. Mihajlovi?, V., Grundlehner, B., Vullers, R., Penders, J. (2015). Wearable, wireless EEG solutions in daily life applications: what are we missing?.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics,19(1), 6-21. Mowad, M. A. E. L., Fathy, A., Hafez, A. (2014). Smart home automated control system using android application and microcontroller.International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research,5(5), 935-939. Park, R. C., Jung, H., Shin, D. K., Kim, G. J., Yoon, K. H. (2015). M2M-based smart health service for human UI/UX using motion recognition.Cluster Computing,18(1), 221-232. Suzuki, T., Tanaka, H., Minami, S., Yamada, H., Miyata, T. (2013, March). Wearable wireless vital monitoring technology for smart health care. InMedical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), 2013 7th International Symposium on(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Trull, T. J., Ebner-Priemer, U. (2014). The role of ambulatory assessment in psychological science.Current directions in psychological science,23(6), 466-470.